Problematyka przyczyn i mechanizmów marginalizacji i wykluczenia społecznego w ujęciu teoretycznym

Abstract

An aim of the paper is analysis of the chosen theoretical aspects (etiology and mechanisms) of marginalization and social exclusion in the interdisciplinary perspective. The multidimensional and complex nature of marginalization and social exclusion create the need for study many scientific views and positions proposed by the social science representatives. The perspective assumed in the paper is the closest to the paradigm of social pedagogy and pedagogy of social change. In the paper there are analyzed theoretical perspectives presented by the representatives of social sciences: sociologists, pedagogues, representatives of the social policy, related to the issues of etiology and mechanisms of social marginalization and exclusion. The attention is especially focused at the issues of poverty as well as social and educational inequalities. There are discussed conceptions of H. Silver and R. Levitas explaining social exclusion, and in the next part of the article there are presented planes in the context of which social exclusion is analysed – the cultural, structural and conflict one. There are also indicated the relations between globalization and marginalization and social exclusion. There are indicated diagnostic criteria of marginalization process connected with the following categories of factors: economic, participation, ethical, adaptative, innovative and resulting. The theoretical perspective of inequality is taken from H. Domański’s work, who indicates the inequality toward law, inequality of the chances and the marxist perspective. Educational inequality is presented in the light of externalistic and internalistic conceptions. There are also indicated the differences in linguistic competencies of individuals, that also can be treated as a risk factor of marginalization.