Językoznawstwo wobec synergizmu różnych "kodów" rozmowy

Abstract

The article deals with what is usually described as the „extra-linguistic elements” in spoken texts. The fundamental rule of research on interaction says that oral communica- tion must be viewed as multi-channel and multi-code communication that forms awhole integrated out of units which are heterogeneous with regard to their semiotic status. Lin- guists are thus faced with the problem of the extent to which they should take account of para-verbal and non-verbal material in their description of interaction. Should they at all be concerned with what does not constitute language? The study of natural texts has directed the attention of researchers to the problem of the influence upon the linguistic shape of the utterance that is exerted by the situation in which such an utterance is made. In order to show the multiplicity and diversity of the parameters of the situation that are taken into account, the author characterizes one such parameter, namely the parameter of setting. She discusses two attitudes of linguists towards spoken language analyzed within the situation: the view holding that linguistics is self-sufficient, and the view that there is a need to collaborate with specialists from other fields of research on communication. Nei- ther of those solutions is without its faults, and both of them have some advantages. The choice of the option depends on the theoretical and methodological assumptions adopted in a given study.