Przyimki złożone typu "spod", " popod" w polszczyźnie : uwagi o chronologii i genezie zjawiska

Abstract

The article is devoted to complex pronouns, namely developed forms of primary pronouns constituting three types: 1) with the first element z: spod, znad, 2) with the first element po: popod, 3) with element z + po: spoza. As the material collected illustrates, the earliest forms of the first type were the earliest as they appeared at least in the 16th century. Pronouns z po were created a bit later, namely in the 17th century. Undoubtedly, complex pronouns were formed as the consequences of changes taking place in syntax since the pra-Slavic times. Particular types, however, crystalized as a result of various factors. It is worth paying attention to one common feature of pronouns discussed in the article, their origin is always connected with a spacious value. The formation of prefiguring forms created with z element, can be easily explained with the need to name specific ablative spacious relationships. We can assume that they derived from a primary combination of an ablative pronoun with a pronominal expression, standing for a localizer. The origin of z po pronouns is definitely more difficult to establish, above all because of unclear and diversified semantics.