Indywidualizacja procesu kształcenia uczniów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej : ujęcie z perspektywy międzyludzkich różnic w zakresie zdolności kierunkowych

Abstract

The presented subject was inspired by Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, according to which human cognitive competence or agility is best described in terms of a set of abilities, talents or mental skills, commonly referred to as intelligences. The theoretical topics of choice were juxtaposed with excerpts of research, while definitional considerations were closely connected to the terms and issues included in the coverage. The paper contains the elaboration on instances of initiatives strongly oriented towards the individualization of the educational process, good practices and places which inspire to take action and which constitute shining examples, and later focuses on students’ talents and skills. The theoretical part presents the assumptions of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, its application in educational practice in Poland and abroad, and also examples of educational programs inspired by this theory. It also shows the selected results of related empirical research conducted so far, including the voices of criticism aimed at Gardner’s theory. The pieces of information concerning the theory of multiple intelligences were based on the analysis of Polish and foreign literature. The fundamental part is constituted by the description of the results of own researches, composed of the analysis of data gathered from opinion polls and obtained from diagnostic examinations conducted in first-grade classes of primary school. The paper is addressed to a broad spectrum of readers — theorists and practitioners — researchers, teachers, students of liberal arts as well as social science.