O kognitywnych i społecznych uwarunkowaniach pamięci

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to consider the co-influence of cognitive and social conditions on the reconstruction of the past within individual memories. The point of the departure is the assertion, that memory which would flawlessly represent the past is not possible (G. Borges). The issue is to examine the forgetting of the difference between immediate experience and its further representations occuring under new conditions. By means of general semantics, the theory of magic (B. Malinowski) as well as the theory of cognitive blending (M. Turner, G. Fauconnier) the author tries to answer the question, how diverse representations of the past can merge in one social memory. First, he points at the necessity to distinguish the memory as a code (langue) and memory as a text (parole) even if one of such memory layers mutually determines the other one. Second, he considers the problem of identification of map with territory (A. Korzybski) crucial for understanding of confusions between past experiences and their representations in memories.