Fenomenologia transcendentalna jako prawdziwy empiryzm

Abstract

The aim of the article is to demonstrate that phenomenology can be understood as true empiricism, that is to say, the empiricism free from naturalistic implication. This empiricism is a result of criticism of the rationalistic prejudices and it begins with a statement of the absolute fact of my transcendental consciousness (the fact of experience of my “I am”). According to Husserl, the principle of all principles of phenomenology means that actually experiencing consciousness plays a fundamental role in our knowledge as it is the ultimate justification and an original place of the demonstration of all sense. In this context, the author points out that principle of all principles may be considered as a postulate of empiricism, because all knowledge must be based on the absolutely given experience of the fact of “I am”. In contrast to traditional empiricism, phenomenological empiricism attempts to the solution of the opposition between empiricism and rationalism in the traditional sense and this solution takes place in the transcendental experience so that phenomenology, as noted by Ludwig Landgrebe, appears to be transcendental empiricism.