DC pole | Wartość | Język |
dc.contributor.author | Cabała, Jerzy | - |
dc.contributor.author | Warchulski, Rafał | - |
dc.contributor.author | Rozmus, Dariusz | - |
dc.contributor.author | Środek, Dorota | - |
dc.contributor.author | Szełęg, Eligiusz | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-02-08T17:18:00Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-02-08T17:18:00Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Minerals, Vol. 10 (2020), Art. No. 28 | pl_PL |
dc.identifier.issn | 2075-163X | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/12463 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Since the 12th century in the Silesian-Cracovian area, lead, litharge, and silver have been
produced by the pyrometallurgical processing of Pb-Ag-Zn ore. Slags and soils contaminated with
heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, As) were the subject of this research. Samples were collected
during archaeological works in the area of early medieval metallurgical settlement. The main goals of
the analyses (Scanning Electron Miscroscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Electron
Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA), X-ray di raction (XRD), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)) were
the determination of the mineralogical composition of furnace batches and smelting temperatures
and conditions. In soils, the anthropogenic phases enriched in Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, P, and primary
minerals like goethite, ferrihydrite, sphalerite, galena, smithsonite, minrecordite, cerussite, gypsum,
anglesite, jarosite, and hemimorphite were identified. The soil from former metallurgical settlements
contained up to 1106 mg kg1 Pb, 782 mg kg1 Zn, 4.7 mg kg1 Cd in the fine fraction. Much higher
heavy metal concentrations were observed in the waste products of ore rinsing, up to 49,282 mg kg1
Pb, 64,408 mg kg1 Zn, and 287 mg kg1 Cd. The medieval smelting industry and Pb-Ag-Zn ore
processing are marked by highly anomalous geochemical pollution (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ba) in the
topsoil. The methods of mineralogical investigation, such as SEM-EDS or EMPA, can be used to
identify mineralogical phases formed during metallurgical processes or ore processing. Based on
these methods, the characteristic primary assemblage and synthetic phases were identified in the area
polluted by medieval metallurgy and mining of Pb-Ag-Zn ores, including MVT (Mississippi Valley
Type) deposits. The minerals distinguished in slags and the structural features of metal-bearing
aggregates allow us to conclude that batches have included mostly oxidised minerals (PbCO3, ZnCO3,
CaZn(CO3)2, FeOOH), sulfides (PbS and ZnS) and quartz (SiO2). The laboratory experiment of
high-temperature heating of the examined slags showed that smelting temperatures used in the
second half of 13th century were very high and could have reached up to 1550 C. The results indicate,
that geochemical and mineralogical methods can be used to obtain important information from
archaeological sites, even after archaeological work has long ceased. | pl_PL |
dc.language.iso | en | pl_PL |
dc.rights | Uznanie autorstwa 3.0 Polska | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/ | * |
dc.subject | Pb-rich slags | pl_PL |
dc.subject | soil contamination | pl_PL |
dc.subject | historical Zn-Pb mining | pl_PL |
dc.subject | secondary Zn-Pb minerals | pl_PL |
dc.title | Pb-Rich Slags, Minerals, and Pollution Resulted from a Medieval Ag-Pb Smelting and Mining Operation in the Silesian-Cracovian Region (Southern Poland) | pl_PL |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | pl_PL |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/min10010028 | - |
Pojawia się w kolekcji: | Artykuły (WNP)
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