Między rywalizacją a współpracą. Czynnik wojskowy w stosunkach francusko-amerykańskich po 1945 roku

Abstract

This article examines the significance of the military factor in Franco-American relations since the World War II. The relations between France and the United States in many ways can be perceived as unique, especially considering their military dimension. Since the World War II both countries were forced to cooperate closely in the military matters. US became major French partner and ally until Charles de Gaulle became a president of the 5th Republic. Although France was dependant on the American military assistance programs, it became apparent that both countries had diff erent interests in security area. It was clearly visible during de Gaulle presidency, when France left NATO’s military structure in order to regain its full sovereignty. In the seventies military relations between two countries became slightly better, however France still maintained its “unique” position within NATO. Paradoxically military factor became more important in the bilateral relations in the Post-Cold War Era. France since the beginning of nineties participated in multiple US-led military operations: in Iraq, Balkans or in Afghanistan. Such activity before 1989, basing on Gaullist security policy, would be impossible. Paris systematically reintegrated itself into the NATO’s military structures. Th is process was completed in March 2009. Th is article observes two opposite tendencies in these relations. On the one hand, military matters oft en created tensions between France and the United States aft er World War II. On the other hand however, both countries are close military allies and they frequently cooperate in security matters, especially in the Post-Cold War era. It became apparent during the Nicolas Sarkozy presidency 2007–2012.