Abstrakt: | The relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of
America is based on mutual respect and common interests – economic, political, technological
and social. This relationship has never been an easy one. The U.S. -Saudi friendship,
which began eighty years ago, has survived many regional conflicts, global challenges and
bilateral crises (such as the one in the aftermath of September 11, 2001). The analysis of
the strong and weak points in these relations shows that Saudi Arabia, regardless of its
political and social regime, has for decades and without interruption constituted a crucial
element of the American presence in the Middle-Eastern region, one of the cornerstones
of the American policy in the Middle East and a source of American long-term economic
ties with this region. On the one hand, Washington officially raises the problem of human
rights violations and limited religious freedom in Saudi Arabia and some members of the
U.S. Congress are skeptical about Riyadh’s declarations of its eff orts to curtail religious
extremism and to support the goals of the American foreign policy towards the Middle
East and the South-east Asia. On the other hand, both the George W. Bush administration
and the Barack Obama administration consistently indicated Saudi Arabia as an important
economic, military and political partner in the region. The present article seeks to analyse
the U.S.–Saudi relationship in the 20th and 21st centuries – to determine the leading
tendencies in the bilateral relations between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia, to point out the
main phases in these relations and to highlight the periods of particular intensity or
stagnation in such relations. The article will also focus on the main areas of cooperation
and conflicting interests between Riyadh and Washington, both during the Cold War and
after its end. |