Chemical composition of broad beans (Vicia faba L. ) and development parameters of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) under conditions of soil contamination with oil derivatives

Abstract

The indirect effect of oil derivatives, that is arising from the polluted soil through a host plant to the phytophagous fauna feeding on the plant, has not been investigated before. Hence, our goal has been to assess the effect of used engine oil, diesel fuel and petrol on the chemical composition of broad beans cultivated in soil polluted with these substances and on development parameters, such as fecundity, life span and intrinsic rate of natural increase, in a population of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). Doses: 3 g kg-1 (dose I) and 6 g kg-1 (dose II) of an oil derivative per 1 kg of soil d.m. were used. Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cv. White Windsor was chosen as the test plant used for studying the biology of aphids. When the experiment was completed, an analysis of selected elements (Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, N, Ca and Mg) was conducted in leaves of broad bean. Soil pollution with petrol in dose I led to a significant decrease in the content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cu, while causing a marked increase in the Pb content. The double dose of petrol (6 g kg-1) additionally contributed to diminishing the N content, whereas the concentrations of Ni and Cd increased significantly after its application. Soil pollution with diesel fuel, irrespective of a dose, caused a significant decline in the Ca, N, Zn, Ni and Cu concentrations and an increase in the Pb content. Additionally, the dose of 6 g kg-1 led to an increase in the Mg, Fe and Cd content in broad bean plants. Soil pollution with used engine oil dosed at 3 g kg-1 led to a reduction of the Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content, while causing an increase in Pb and a slight increase in N concentrations. The double dose of engine oil caused a decline only in the Ca, Mn, Ni and Cu content. The effect of oil derivatives on the biology of black bean aphid was more pronounced in the second generation. All the analysed substances, except for engine oil in the lower dose, significantly decreased the intrinsic rate of natural increase in the population.