Abstrakt: | The paper contains a historical linguistic analysis of the noun biegun. It was
prompted by the inflectional form of the plural nominative bieguni, the title of one of
Olga Tokarczuk’s novels, a form unusual from the point of view of the contemporary
Polish grammatical system. Tokarczuk used the form ending in -i, typical of masculine
personal nouns, while the word biegun is commonly known to be used nowadays only
in meanings that do not refer to people. This is why the paper attempts to gain insight
into the semantics of the lexeme biegun in the history of the Polish language. The research
carried out made it possible to determine that the examined unit used to function
in many personal meanings in the past, meanings that would eventually become
obsolete with the gradual lexicalization of the word biegun and in relation the appearance
of its derivational synonyms in the Polish language. Tokarczuk thus revived some
of the old meanings of the word biegun referring to people, and at the same time
brought out new, metaphorical meanings embedded in it in potentia – thus delexicalizing
the examined unit. |