Uczeń uchodźca - doświadczenia i emocje towarzyszące sytuacji uchodźczej a społeczno-kulturowe ulokowanie szkoły

Abstract

The exile is a natural element of functioning in the context of modern nation states. According to UNHCR estimates, children currently make up about 41% of the refugee population. The re-sults of diagnostic tests conducted in Western Europe, Canada and the United States of Amer-ica show that the most common incidents that refugees encounter include war experiences, witnessing an explosion or fire, experiencing physical assault and armed robbery, being sub-jected to torture, sudden death of a family member, witnessing the sudden death of others as a result of an attack, being imprisoned, participating in a transport accident, and experienc-ing life threatening experiences. The traumatising experiences of children are linked to the context before the decision to migrate, to the context of moving to the country of destination and to the context of staying in the country of destination. The subject of the analyses under-taken in the article will be the typical emotions experienced by children in a refugee situation (both migrating with their parents and children deprived of adult care), then the recognized strategies of aid work with the refugee child and the prospects for their implementation in the school, taking into account the social and cultural context in which it is located. It will also take into account the emotions experienced by the assisting professional and strategies for pre-venting secondary traumatisation, illness or injury, economic risk, risk of interpersonal vio-lence, including stigmatisation, domestic violence and, in the case of children, abandonment and death of the parent as a result of a war situation. Regardless of the traumatic experience in the country of origin (premigratory trauma), refugees are additionally exposed to indirect stressors (located between premigratory trauma and postmigratory stressors) related to the necessity to leave their own homeland and postmigratory stressors related to settling in a new social and cultural context, participation in the process of acculturation. These are the factors determining the course of adaptation and the quality of life of refugees.