Społeczno-kulturowe zaplecze ideologii socjalizmu w Czarnogórze

Abstract

The paper discusses, in the chronological and problematic perspective, the essential reasons for the effective adaptation of socialist ideas in Montenegro in 20th century. Apart from sources of Serbian, Russian and German thought, it was local heroic ethics, collectivism and egalitarianism paradigm, economic conditions, political relations with Russia, and also instability of feudal and bourgeois tradition that were crucial to this reception. The examples presented here illustrate various variants of the understanding of socialism: as post-patriarchal solidarism, ethical revolutionarism, utopian communism and anti-bureaucraticism. The elements of these conceptions can be noticed in their first Montenegrin manifestations of 1905-1920, the activity of the interwar YCP as well as in the revolutionary discourse of the antifascist guerrilla movement. Similarly original socio-cultural origin characterises the documentation of the depicted phenomenon in the periods of dispute with Communist International (from 1948, including Milovan Djilas statements), construction of the self-government socialism system and events of 1987-1989.