O wyborze projektu działań : propozycja badawcza Alfreda Schütza

Abstract

The precursor of phenomenological sociology – Alfred Schütz – undertook to analyze the problems of social action, as did the great classics of sociology. The theoretical categories that he proposed for this purpose can be seen in his book Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt (1932) and in the article Choosing among Projects of Action (1951, Polish edition 2008). Schütz emphasizes that it is necessary, first of all, to take into account the types of motives of human actions, secondly, to analyze the important categories of attitudes and relations towards other people related to the worlds of the contemporary people, predecessors and successors, and thirdly, the typifications of the knowledge system of the acting person. The last, fourth analytical category which he distinguishes in the research of action, includes “good” and “evil”, that is, according to Schütz’s terminology, positive and negative weight. The followers of the phenomenological approach in sociology, Peter L. Berger and T. Luckmann, developed some of Schütz’s proposals and presented a framework for the social creation of reality in the processes of externalisation, objectification and internalisation. The categories offered by these scholars will be helpful in the empirical analysis of the choice of projects of actions of the graduates of the Doctoral Studies of the Faculty of Social Sciences, whose worlds have been scientifically explored in a project carried out within the framework of the scientific circle of qualitative sociology.