Czasowniki z prefiksem nad- w historii języka polskiego

Abstract

This paper is to give an answer to the question if the present state of Polish historical lexicography enables us to reconstruct the development tendencies of a word-formation types. The answer can be affirmative if one condition is fulfilled: i.e. if the diachronical word formation requires ways of research other than those used in the synchronical word formation; different aims and tasks demand separate methods. The diachronical analyses should not be started with a description of the word formation system on specified time levels (synchrony in diachrony) but with a reconstruction of the development of the types and categories on the time axis. The verbs with the prefixes „nad-" were subjected to an analysis and the process of derivation was observed. Not only the function of the formant but also the semantical values of the bases were taken into consideration. A part from productiveness observed in the increase and the deterioration of the formation, the vitality - understood as a state of relations between the founding function and the founded function (fonction de fondement and fonction fondee) which do not change within a long period of time was discussed. The connection between productiveness and vitality enables us to draw conclusions conceming the charecter of the derivation process, even if the materiał records are not comolete.,The diachronical word formation analysis must be correlated with the researches on the historical vocabulary. It is important not only in evaluating the deterioration of the formation but also in estimating the meanings of categorial formants.