The Managing and Restoring of Degraded Land in Post-Mining Areas

Abstract

Mining is an important branch of the economy, providing raw materials necessary for the economic and civilization development of the country. It is difficult to imagine how modern civilization would function without products obtained from raw materials extracted through mining methods — without energy produced from burning fossil fuels, without metal products obtained from ores, without roads or stone products made from rock materials. As a raw material, sand is one of the most frequently used materials on Earth, rich in mineral resources [1–3]. The extraction of energy, metallic, chemical, and rock materials is, therefore, an indispensable part of the modern world. At the same time, however, mining exploitation is associated with very strong interference in the natural environment, and through it, also in human life [...].