Phenomenon of Pro Patria paper expansion

Abstract

Filigrees were trademarks of a paper manufacturer. At the beginning of the paper industry fi ligrees presented animals such as bulls, dogs, eagles, as well as initials, religious symbols and later arms of famous noble and royal families and arms of countries. Since the sixteenth century, the fi ligrees also began to mean the type and the size of the paper and to show the paper quality. In the eighteenth century, Filigran Pro Patria was used by Dutch paper makers and proved the high quality of the product. Lots of attempts to imitate the Dutch papers’ watermarks can be the evidence of their expansion and technological advancement.