Towards scientific metaphysics.Vol. 1In the circle of the scientific metaphysics of Zygmunt Zawirski : development and comments on Zawirski's concepts and their philosophical context

Abstract

Lively discussions about developing a general theory of reality are magnified at the time of the emergence of new scientific theories. This situation occurred in the first half of the 20th century: in the natural sciences there appeared two fundamental theories of macro- and microcosmos: theory of relativity and quantum mechanics; whereas, in the formal sciences, a breakthrough was to be observed – among others manyvalued logic systems and the so-called limitation theorems were elaborated. Groundbreaking achievements in detailed sciences have changed the view of the world of natural phenomena. The mechanic image of reality was removed and in its place new insights into traditional problems that carried a philosophical charge began to be introduced. What we are referring here to is not only the change in the understanding of space, time or matter, the principles of causality, but also the development of systems distant from thermodynamic equilibrium and basic natural sciences research. The testimonies of the philosophical struggle with the development of specific sciences and new concepts appearing in them can be, developed by Zygmunt Zawirski and Benedykt Bornstein, two different concepts of scientific metaphysics[...]