Polskie i rosyjskie czasowniki jedzenia : studium leksykalno-semantyczne

Abstract

The following thesis belongs to the field of lexical-semantic studies. It aims at a confrontativedescription of Polish and Russian verbs relating to the physiological domain of eating. Verbs denoting the function of eating (in both Polish and Russian linguistics) remain a relatively unexplored and least described lexical category. The present work attempts to identify these verbs and perform their semantic analysis using tools created on the grounds of structural, cognitive and cultural semantics. The analysis consists of three stages. It is performed separately for each subject group. Each research stage is summarised and comparative conclusions are presented. The first stage explicates the meaning structure of Polish and Russian eating verbs, exposed through their decomposition into simpler semantic components (a componential paradigmatic analysis). Next, out of the field of eating verbs, non-synonymous expressions are singled out, grouped into synsets (sets of synonyms). Then, the basic contexts of their occurrence are identified (a componential syntagmatic analysis). The second stage illustrates the fundamental mechanisms of the occurrence of metaphorical meanings on the example of verbs central to the field of eating (a lexical subcategorization, conceptual metaphors). The third stage recreates the more important non-definitional content associated with the base verbs of eating and their expressive synonyms (semantic connotations). The observation of the most common idiomatic expressions, proverbs in which these verbs occur and a review of the representative groups of expressive synonyms have also allowed to make an attempt at reconstructing a fragment of linguistic image of eating reinforced by these synonyms. Apart from an introduction and conclusions the work includes two basic parts: theory and research which are further divided into chapters and subchapters. The first chapter is devoted to the discussion of the current state of research into verbs of eating. The second chapter presents a framework for their description. A detailed description of the selected class of verbs (analysed in three main approaches) is found in the third analytical chapter. Findings of the conducted comparative are presented in appendixes. They can be used in academic didactics in preparation of teaching and learning resources for learners of Russian or Polish as a foreign language, compiling monolingual or bilingual dictionaries as well as in translation.