Sprawiedliwość w doktrynie liberalnej i jej krytyka

Abstract

In contemporary liberal doctrine, one of the most important thinkers is John Rawls. His canonic A Theory of Justice from 1971 is a fundamental work in political philosophy. Considering the idea of justice from the perspective of both liberalism and its critics is therefore one of the biggest intellectual challenges of the second decade of the 21st century. One of the Polish intellectuals who reflected on the concept of „social justice” in the 20th century was Leszek Kołakowski. The author attempts to draw attention to the vagueness of this notion, at the same time cautioning against egalitarian attempts to carry out this idea, as well as neoliberal defiance of the need to carry it out. He also points to the problem of some kind of consequences of the liberal thought and the possibility of self-negation. According to the Polish thinker, the one and only consequence should be the idea of humanity as a moral category.