Czy każdy bunkei przedstawiony w słowniku czy podręczniku do nauki języka japońskiego jako obcego to wymagająca klasyfikacji struktura gramatyczna?

Abstract

Not every bunkei presented in Japanese language textbooks is a grammatical structure which must be explained. The classification (as a bunkei) of the adverb takusan or the verbs kikoeru and mieru, presented in textbooks Minna no Nihongo and Genki can be considered as an example of this statement. In addition, despite numerous constructions containing the noun wake, which are presented in dictionaries (Sunakawa 1998; Tomomatsu, Wakuri 2010; Tanimori, Sato 2012) and textbooks (Oyanagi 2002), two bunkei with wake can be considered as completely separate grammatical structures. The classification of the construction ‘wake da’ and ‘wake niwa ikanai’ as a bunkei, due to the inability to deduce the meaning from the constituent parts of these forms, is justified. The examples of sentences quoted in this paper which contain the form ‘wake da’ in the sense of ‘conclusion’ and ‘in other words’ suggest that the meanings given in this bunkei may not be related to the meaning of wake but to the meaning of the particles used, which indicate the cause and effect relationship (‘kara’, ‘node’ – means ‘because’) and the adverb (‘tsumari’ – ‘in other words’). Other bunkei’s, as is suggested by examples of usage and by grammar explanations quoted in this article, are a usage of the noun wake (in the affirmative or negative form) combined with another grammatical form or with particles. The separate meanings assigned to wake might be related to other forms used in the examples, and not precisely to the noun wake. Moreover, the meaning of the structures ‘wake dewa nai’ or ‘wake ga nai’ directly stems from the components of the mentioned bunkei. Therefore, additional explanations of these structures are not necessary to understand their meanings. Therefore, not only the authors of textbooks for learning Japanese as a foreign language create bunkei’s that are not separate grammatical structures, but sometimes also the authors of dictionaries divide the existing structures into separate bunkei’s, although their semantic difference follows from the elements added to the sentence, not from the structure itself.