Przeszłość w teraźniejszości : stare znaki i reguły językowe w strukturze wyrażeń funkcyjnych

Abstract

In order to form meta-textual expressions, language users make use of linguistic signs that function in the subject plan. However, it happens that the expression used in a meta-textual way, emancipates, and breaks away from its motivational basis (from the subject usage). In the first part of the article, the author discusses autoreferential parenthesis that constitutes a genetic basis of some particles. In the second part the mechanisms causing that a meta-textual usage breaks away from the subject one and that its whole emancipation takes place are described. It concerns the phenomena influencing the usage in the subject function, but also the phenomena touching functional expressions) as also here the forces that cause a gap between two plans. Drawing aside these plans makes functional expressions include very often the evolutionary “remnants”, be a storage of traces after old signs and rules. The title of the article the past in the present derives from it. The third part of the article is addressed to the language historians. The author shows that going deeply into the etymology of functional expressions reveals new, and yet unresearched spaces.