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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/429
Title: Udział fizyki jądrowej w rozwiązywaniu problemów współczesnej radioterapii
Authors: Konefał, Adam
Keywords: Fizyka jądrowa; Zastosowanie w medycynie; Radioterapia
Issue Date: 2011
Publisher: Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Abstract: The progress that has been made in radiotherapy lately besides unquestionable advantages, originated many new problems which can be known and even partially or completely solved by means of experimental and computational methods used in nuclear physics. The purpose of this book is a presentation of the contribution of nuclear physics in solving the problems of the contemporary radiotherapy. Reduction of the irradiated field in teleradiotherapy saves healthy tissues located close to tumours. However, it needs a precise localization and immobilization of a patient and a control of its position during an irradiation séance. Therefore the experimental methods of nuclear physics were inculcated to the clinical practice. These methods are based on the use of the various type detectors of ionizing radiation, making it possible to control correctness and repeatability of a course of a irradiation process of a patient. One of the base methods to control a dose delivered to patients is in vivo dosimetry described in the first chapter of this book. The contemporary planning systems take very accurate 3-D images of a patient’s anatomy and a localization of a tumour into account. However, they need many parameters and characteristics. The knowledge of the therapeutic beam spectra is particularly significant. The accurate determination of such spectrum is not easy because of high radiation intensity in the therapeutic beam and a broad energy range of radiation. There are experimental methods to derive the spectra of therapeutic beams. However, the computer calculations based on the Monte Carlo method are a current standard. The methods of a obtention of the therapeutic beam energy spectra are described in the second chapter of this book. Undesirable consequence of an increase of radiation energy in radiotherapy is a neutron contamination of the therapeutic X-ray and electron beams. This contamination causes an additional total body neutron dose to patients. Moreover, nuclear reactions induced by the neutrons are the main factor of radioactivity inside a radiotherapy facility. The methods of a determination of neutron fluence and an identification of induced radioisotope and occurred nuclear reactions are discussed in the third and fourth chapter. The photon needle is a relatively new technology applied in a clinical practice since 1992. First versions of this device were characterized by a significant decrease of their efficiency appearing even during a radiotherapy treatment. This defect was eliminated. However, it is still a big problem to get an uniform dose distribution in an irradiated area. In connection with this fact it is important to perform measurement verifying the uniformity of a dose distribution for each photon needle used in a clinical practice. Results of the measurements testing the Intrabeam system — the photon needle by Photoelectron Corporation & Carl Zeiss Surgical were presented in the fifths chapter. The proton radiotherapy of eye tumours is widely used among the hadrontherapy methods because of a high level of curability. Such therapy requires a high precision of a tumour irradiation and also an accurate determination of influence of the beam parameters as mean energy, an energy and spatial spread of the proton beam on the dose distribution. The determination of dependence between the proton beam parameters can be carried out with the use of computer simulations based on the Monte Carlo method ensuring a good quality of the obtained results. Investigations of the dependence between the parameters of a proton beam and the dose distribution, performed by computer simulations basing on the GEANT4 code are presented in the sixth chapter of the book.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/429
ISBN: 9788322620199
Appears in Collections:Książki/rozdziały (WNŚiT)

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