DC pole | Wartość | Język |
dc.contributor.author | Piechota, Marek | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-09-06T10:43:32Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-09-06T10:43:32Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2016 | - |
dc.identifier.isbn | 9788380128507 | - |
dc.identifier.isbn | 9788380128514 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/6038 | - |
dc.description.abstract | The discussion of the polyglotism of the great Polish Romantics is preceded by
a Foreword, which introduces the problem of their rich poetic language drawing upon
the multitude of languages in which they studied, read and admired various poetic
achievements originating in other cultures and traditions than their own. In the nineteenth
century, the socio‑political
situation of a nation without a state, the long‑term
occupation and partition of Poland, the threat it posed for the Polish language, and the
distressing practice of more or less directly forced assimilation of the people meant that
the concern for the mother tongue was of a much different import than it is in the times
of modern globalisation.
The introductory chapter – sketchy but at the same time the longest in this volume
– focuses on the etymological ‘fantasies’ of the Romantics. It draws attention to the ease
with which both Mickiewicz and Słowacki (but not only these writers) succumbed to the
belief that even most fantastic etymological intuitions in any of the languages they were
familiar with could be treated on a par with strictly scholarly, disciplined and rational
investigations and thus used as tools for studying the reality and whatever lay beyond.
Having graduated from the Gymnasium, Mickiewicz spoke the following languages
with varying fluency: Polish, Latin, French, Russian, Italian, German and Belarusian.
With regard to Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Hebrew and Yiddish – cultures he had come
in contact with in his early years – little is known beyond the fact that he knew some
words, as he never studied these languages or in these languages. When he studied in
Vilnius, he learnt also Greek and English. In Berlin, he listened to Hegel’s lectures in
German; he lectured himself in Latin and French when he taught classical philology in
Lausanne and Slavic literature in Paris. He also claimed to speak Czech when he applied
for a chair at the Collège de France. He might have had some basic knowledge of Serbian,
was an expert at Church Slavonic, and learnt to speak and write in Turkish in his late
years, which altogether amounts to more than eleven languages. There is no doubt that
he was a polyglot, a translator, and a linguist.
As a polyglot, Słowacki was not far behind, speaking nine foreign languages with
varying degrees of fluency. He spoke French with the same ease as he did Polish and he had a school knowledge of Greek, Latin, Russian and German: he was very good at
translating from Latin, he was a fluent speaker of Russian (most of the lectures he attended
in Vilnius were in Russian), he studied German‑language
Romantics in German
(especially Goethe and Schiller) and he persisted in his efforts to improve his English.
He studied Spanish (although he mostly read in this language rather than spoke it) and
he developed some basic knowledge of spoken Arabic. Works that he read in foreign languages
proved an important source of inspiration in his own writing (e.g., Shakespeare
and Calderón de la Barca).
Compared to his two great predecessors, Krasiński appears perhaps less impressive,
hence the ‘limited polyglotism’ in the title, followed by the tentative question‑mark.
Parisian‑born
aristocrat, he spoke French from his earliest days even more fluently than
Polish, and his mastery in the French language surpassed that of the other two great
poets. He started learning other languages at home, later to work on them at school and
during individual tuition; these included Latin, Greek, German, Arabic, and English. He
is certain to have spoken Italian; he also read in this language, although it is not clear
whether he was a fluent writer. He liked to demonstrate his knowledge of The Divine
Comedy, which he often quoted in his correspondence in the original language. Although
he made no mention of having any knowledge of Russian, he passed his childhood in
the pre‑November
Congress Poland, which was a half‑independent
state.
The polyglotism of the great Polish Romantics is presented in the modern context of
the upsetting tendency of many natural languages becoming extinct. Scholars alarm that
for the past century they have been dying out at the rate of one every two weeks. According
to the most pessimistic scenarios, 90% of the languages spoken today will have
disappeared by the end of this century, replaced by the most common and widespread
national or global languages. Polyglots are expected to become extinct too, replaced by
ever more effective software. The humanities will die out a few hours later. | pl_PL |
dc.language.iso | pl | pl_PL |
dc.publisher | Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego | pl_PL |
dc.rights | Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/ | * |
dc.subject | Juliusz Słowacki | pl_PL |
dc.subject | Zygmunt Krasiński | pl_PL |
dc.subject | Adam Mickiewicz | pl_PL |
dc.subject | Józef Bachórz | pl_PL |
dc.subject | wielojęzyczność | pl_PL |
dc.subject | poliglotyzm | pl_PL |
dc.title | Poliglotyzm wielkich romantyków polskich (Mickiewicz, Słowacki, Krasiński) | pl_PL |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/book | pl_PL |
Pojawia się w kolekcji: | Książki/rozdziały (W.Hum.)
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