Projekcje natury i kultury w mitycznym pojmowaniu świata : w kierunku dydaktyki inspirowanej wybranymi aspektami filozofii kultury i naturalizmu

Abstract

In the presented paper the author proves that the myth belongs to the most popular terms in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries. Not only is it present in ethnology, philosophy, cultural and religious studies but also in sociology, psychology, pedagogics, literature studies or political sciences. Drawing on various cultural theories (e.g. the theory of communicative action) and traits of traditional and modern societies, the article analyzes the relationship between mythical and rational awareness, differentiating between the myth and science. To secure this aim the author, in the initial part of the paper, presents the functions of mythical ideas and myth-creating acts and discusses the relationship between the myth and the truth and its opposites. In the main section of the paper the author presents the effects of lack of categorical differentiation in myths between the two exemplary disciplines: nature and culture. The final section of the paper focuses on the modern possibilities of applying mythical stories to the education process understood as an didactic action (teaching), self-education (learning) and upbringing and self-upbringing in children and the youth.