Procesy regulujące zasoby kategorii słowotwórczych

Abstract

In the consciousness of language users, there is an inherent awareness of an elaborated word-formative system, which was well-documented in the second half of the 20th century. However, each derivatologist knows very well that apart from phenomena which are strongly representative of this system, its order is disturbed by various processes. The first one in the order of precedence is the lexical factor – words which arise in accordance with the derivation-related rules are fused with the bulk of the lexicon and they are subject to the same transformations as the non-derived lexemes. But there may arise a discrepancy between the word form and the motivating word due to the semantic shift manifested by one of these elements. Then, the phenomena of reinterpretation occur which regulate the relations between the founding and the founded word. In the next part of the article, the author discusses borrowings from foreign languages which also disturb the order of the word-formation system, for as a rule, meanings of borrowed nouns refer to the name of an action and the name of the performer of an action. However, in Slavic languages, the foundations of these categories feature verbal instead of nominal elements. In that case, there arise verbs, usually in -ować, and then – the process of the reversal of motivation occurs. The word formation system is also disturbed by processes which apply to the sphere of inflexion. The article discusses a new word formation category – resultative departicipial adjectives in -ły.