Abstrakt: | The idea of massive graviton plays a fundamental role in modern physics as a landmark of
most scenarios related to modified gravity theories. Limits on graviton mass can be obtained through
different methods, using all the capabilities of multi-messenger astronomy available today. In this
paper, we consider some emerging opportunities. In particular, modified relativistic dispersion
relations of massive gravitons may lead to changes in the travel time of gravitational waves (GWs)
emitted from distant astrophysical objects. Strong gravitational lensing of signals from a carefully
selected class of extra-galactic sources such as compact object binaries (actually, binary neutron stars)
is predicted to play an important role in this context. Comparing time delays between images of
the lensed GW signal and its electromagnetic (EM) counterpart may be a new model-independent
strategy (proposed by us in X.-L. Fan et al, 2017), which is especially promising in light of the fruitful
observing runs of interferometric GW detectors, resulting in numerous GW signals. In addition to
this direct, kinematic method, one can use an indirect, static method. In this approach, the non-zero
graviton mass would modify estimates of the total cluster mass via a Yukawa term, influencing
the Newtonian potential. In A. Piórkowska-Kurpas et al, 2022, using the X-COP galaxy cluster
sample, we obtained mg < (4.99 6.79) 1029 eV (at 95% C.L.), which is one of the best available
constraints. |