Wyrażenia zaimkowe w kształtowaniu dyskursu potocznego : na materiale sztokawskiego literackiego systemu językowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem języka mieszkańców Sarajewa

Abstract

This monograph presents the role of pronominal phrases in colloquial discourse shaping. The analysis includes personal pronouns and demonstratives, with the derived lexeme to. The language material is a 300-page script of colloquial speech recorder o vivo and also examples provided by educated speakers of the Shtokavian dialects, mostly from Sarajevo, but also, to a lesser extent, Zagreb, Novi Sad and Belgrade. The Shtokavian system was the basis for the Serbo-Croatian language, common until 1991, but also for the separate after 1991 literary standards of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. The author presents a survey of studies concerning the expressions traditionally classified as pronouns, which by some linguists are treated as subclasses of nouns, adjectives and numerals and by others are regarded as an autonomous part of speech. The author of this monograph believes that pronouns should be treated as a separate category owing to their propeties and their role in the organization of colloquial discourse. The second chapter shows the state-of-the-art concerning the studies of spoken language, which is more and more commonly regarded as a separate style - the so-called colloquial register. The presentation of how colloquial discourse is segmented into components (responses) marks the transition to the main body of the study, i.e. the problem of how discourse is actualized by means of basic pronominal expressions of the 1“, 2nd and 3rd person. The author refers here to the psycholinguistic models of discourse shaphtg. The actualization of the language system is performed by means of deictics - the linguistic means aimed at drawing the speaker’s attention to an boject existing in extralinguistic reality or in his memory. In the chapter Deixis the author questions the division of deictics into deixis ad oculos and deixis ad Phantasma. Instead, she presents her own division into objective and subjective deixis. Besides, she provides arguments for treating deixis as a phenomenon that exists only on the level of interaction. In the following subchapters she studies the nature of the expressions believed to be the typical exponents of deixis: personal pronouns and demonstratives. The chapter Around anaphor is devoted to the problem of anaphor, an intralingual phenomenon serving the internal organization of discourse. The analysis of internal anaphoric expressions, the relationships between antecedents and consequents, has shown that there is no intermediate category between the deixis and the anaphor. However, their exponents can overlap, which means that one expression can be the simultaneous exponent of both phenomena. A common phenomenon in colloquial style is the occurrence of the impersonal lexeme to, derived from the demonstrative taj - t a - to, which serves the condensation of response contents or can be the consequent of both the expressed and unexpressed antecedent. Deprived of its deictic power the Lexeme »to« a specific pragmatical situation, undergoes a further transformation- grammaticalization and a (secondary) semantization, because it becomes a kind of particle, thus entering the emotional subcode. All the pronominal expressions concerned can occur in the secondary function of increasing the expressiveness of discourse, which is supported by relevant examples. The author pays attention to the status of dativus ethicus, which is mostly used in semi-idiomaticized constructions. Pronominal expressions not only actualise the language system, but they also represent the whole network of semantic and grammatical categories such as (in)definiteness„ (un)markedness, (in)animateness, (non)factivity, (non)naturality. They all serve to express the colloquial view of the world, or more exactly, to express all its fragments, which in a given moment the speaker and the hearer consider to be most significant and worth verbalizing in spontaneous interaction.